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What Is on the Womans Head in the Album Art of in the Aeroplane Over the Sea

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1998 studio album by Neutral Milk Hotel

In the Aeroplane Over the Sea
A drawing of a young boy and a woman out at sea. The boy is swimming, while the woman sits atop a box. She is wearing a red dress and has a drumhead for a face. A steam-powered ship can be seen in the background.
Studio album by

Neutral Milk Hotel
Released Feb 10, 1998
Recorded July–September 1997
Studio Pet Sounds,[a] Denver, Colorado
Genre
  • Indie rock
  • psychedelic folk
  • lo-fi
Length 39:55
Label Merge
Producer Robert Schneider
Neutral Milk Hotel chronology
On Avery Island
(1996) 		In the Plane Over the Sea
(1998) 		Ferris Wheel on Fire
(2011)
Singles from In the Aeroplane Over the Sea
  1. "The netherlands, 1945"
    Released: October thirteen, 1998[2]

In the Aeroplane Over the Sea is the second studio anthology by American rock band Neutral Milk Hotel, released on February ten, 1998, by Merge Records. The music is predominantly indie rock and psychedelic folk, and is characterized by an intentionally low-quality sound. Traditional instruments similar the guitar and drums are paired with less conventional instruments such as a singing saw, uilleann pipes, and zanzithophone. The lyrics are surrealistic and opaque, with themes ranging from nostalgia to love, and were partially inspired by The Diary of a Young Girl past Anne Frank.

In the Aeroplane Over the Sea was recorded at Pet Sounds Studio betwixt July to September 1997. Producer Robert Schneider worked with bandleader Jeff Mangum to improve upon the low-quality audio of the band's debut album On Avery Island. Instead of using studio equipment like guitar pedals or effects units to induce baloney, Schneider adult a recording technique that involved heavy compression. To promote the anthology, Neutral Milk Hotel undertook a tour of North America and Europe, and developed a reputation for chaotic and physically demanding performances.

Contemporary reviews were mostly positive, but non laudatory. Over time even so, the album developed a cult following, and Mangum struggled to cope with this newfound attention. He grew tired of performing and explaining his lyrics, and disappeared from the public eye. In the years since its release In the Aeroplane Over the Sea 'southward disquisitional continuing has risen tremendously, and has been described by music journalists equally a landmark album for indie stone and as 1 of the best albums of the 1990s.

Background [edit]

Photo of a man holding a guitar with a microphone nearby

Jeff Mangum performing with Neutral Milk Hotel in 1996

Neutral Milk Hotel originated in Ruston, Louisiana, in the late 1980s, equally one of the many home-recording projects of musician Jeff Mangum.[3] The simple home recordings Mangum made with his friends Robert Schneider, Bill Doss, and Volition Cullen Hart led to the germination of the Elephant 6 musical commonage.[4] Afterward graduating from loftier school, Mangum released the unmarried "Everything Is" on Cher Doll Records nether the alias Neutral Milk Hotel.[5] The single'south exposure convinced Mangum to record more music under this proper noun.[vi] He moved to Denver and worked with Schneider to tape the 1996 anthology On Avery Island.[7] Although Schneider was interested in an expansive Beatlesque product, he aligned with Mangum's preference for a low-quality sound called lo-fi, albeit that "at first it was frustrating, only I came to savor information technology. That's how I learned to produce, doing that record, because I totally had to let go of what I thought information technology should be like."[8]

After the release of On Avery Island, Mangum recruited three musicians to tour with: Julian Koster, Jeremy Barnes, and Scott Spillane.[ix] The North American bout in support of On Avery Island generated enough money to enable the quartet to move to Athens, Georgia, where a large grouping of Elephant 6 musicians were living.[ten] By the spring of 1997, Mangum had written and demoed nearly every song for In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. He shared the demos with his bandmates before they moved to Denver to record the album.[11]

Recording [edit]

In the Aeroplane Over the Sea was produced by Schneider, and was recorded from July to September 1997.[1] It was recorded at Pet Sounds Studio[a] in Denver, the dwelling of Schneider's friend Jim McIntyre.[12] Schneider paid half the rent for access to every room in the house except McIntyre's bedroom.[xiii] The recording sessions for In the Aeroplane Over the Sea coincided with several other sessions. Schneider was already producing the Minders' album Hooray for Tuesday when Neutral Milk Hotel members began to arrive, and decided to halt product until In the Plane Over the Sea was finished.[14] McIntyre was recording the Von Hemmling vocal "My Country 'Tis of Thee" in his bedroom while the band members played, and whenever Koster was not needed, he would work on songs for the Music Tapes, such as "Television Tells Us" and "Aliens".[15]

Schneider separated the band members into different rooms, only ever kept Mangum shut to the control room in instance he wanted to plug Mangum's acoustic guitar into a four-track cartridge.[sixteen] Schneider occasionally tried using an electric guitar, but wiped these recordings every bit he felt it did not sound like Mangum'due south music.[16] Every bit the sessions progressed, Schneider wanted to find a way to tape the acoustic sound into a microphone instead of into the cartridge. He decided to record the sound through Neumann U 87 microphones.[17] According to Scheider: "[Mangum] liked an acoustic plugged in considering he kinda found it fuzzy and raw, like an electric guitar, merely it had a strummy quality to it, too ... I had developed an acoustic guitar sound on my own that he was really happy with past the second tape, and I think it'south really expert."[xviii]

Neutral Milk Hotel biographer Kim Cooper believes In the Airplane Over the Sea is one of the most heavily distorted albums ever fabricated, but also notes the lack of equipment such equally Big Muffs or distortion pedals.[eighteen] Mangum liked having a layer of distortion over the music, just Schneider decided to not apply standard effects equipment. Instead, Schneider used heavy compression and placed a Bellari RP-220 tube mic pre-amp close to his guitar. Schneider then ran the sound through a mixing panel and maxed out the audio on a cassette record.[19] This process was done for almost every instrument used on In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. Schneider claimed that the nonlinearities of microphone baloney gave the album its unique "warm" quality.[nineteen]

The horn arrangements were primarily written by Schneider. He wrote these parts on a piano or organ, then conferred with trombonist Rick Benjamin to ensure the musical notation was correct.[20] Spillane was the final ring fellow member to go far, so Schneider showed him the arrangements he had already written. The trumpets were written in treble clef, but as Spillane could merely read bass clef, he had to rewrite these arrangements before he could learn them.[twenty] As he did while learning the songs for On Avery Isle, Spillane spent hours every day practicing and writing more arrangements in the basement.[20] Toward the end of the recording sessions, Schneider and Spillane worked together to seamlessly combine their differing arrangements. Schneider'southward parts were more melancholic while Spillane wrote chaotic and boisterous parts.[21]

Composition [edit]

Music [edit]

In the Airplane Over the Bounding main is difficult to categorize into a specific genre.[22] Critics generally describe it as indie stone and psychedelic folk with a lo-fi sound,[23] just also note the wide range of influences, including Eastern European choral music, Canterbury Sound, circus music, musique concrète, drone music, free jazz, and Tropicália.[24] Jason Ankeny of AllMusic compares the anthology to a "marching band on an acrid trip",[25] while Kim Cooper wrote: "the music is like nothing else in the 90s underground".[26] Part of the musical variance comes from the instruments used on the album. Traditional instruments like the accordion, drums, and distorted guitars are paired with more than unique instruments like the shortwave radio, singing saw, uilleann pipes, and zanzithophone.[27] [b]

Jeff Mangum'due south guitars are a key component for much of the album. Mangum ofttimes plays simple chord progressions, which Erik Himmelsbach of Spin compared to the '50s progression.[29] Other important aspects to the music include the heavy amount of distortion, as well every bit the multitrack recording method Schneider used for the majority of the instruments.[30] In the Airplane Over the Body of water emphasizes structure and texture, and tracks seamlessly segue into one another.[25] The overall sound of the album sometimes abruptly shifts from track to track.[31] Rolling Stone notes the range of musical styles present, such equally slow funeral marches and fast-paced punk rock.[32] Critic Chris DeVille wrote: "On the musical axis, Neutral Milk Hotel veered from piercingly intimate psychedelic campfire sing-alongs to full-band segments that barreled alee with haphazard grace."[33]

Lyrics [edit]

Mangum wrote the lyrics for every track on In the Aeroplane Over the Sea.[i] The lyrics are surreal and oft reference seemingly unrelated field of study matter.[34] Cooper cites the opening track "King of Carrot Flowers, Pt. One" as an case of this style of songwriting. While the lyrics are about childhood fantasies, there are references to sexual awakenings, domestic violence, religious fanaticism, and tarot card readings.[35] Fans and journalists have long argued over the exact meaning of the anthology.[36] Some listeners believe there is a fundamental message found throughout the lyrics, while other listeners believe the anthology is too abstruse to derive meaning from.[36] DeVille said: "[In the Aeroplane Over the Sea] collides the familiar and the disorienting in a manner that renders meaning elusive even every bit information technology provokes intense emotional reckoning."[33]

Common lyrical themes include childhood and nostalgia.[37] Pitchfork 's Mark Richardson wrote that the lyrics are written with childlike wonder, in which mundane interactions are illustrated as fantastical moments. "It'due south like a children's volume or a fairy tale, Where the Wild Things Are on wax" said Richardson.[38] Mangum's lyrics have also been seen equally a depiction of adolescence, and the need to develop one's own identity.[38] Some critics have compared the album to a coming-of-age story.[39] Mangum'due south descriptions of these experiences evoke a sense of nostalgia. According to Richardson: "it'southward an album of memories and associations, how skin feels against the grass and what passes through your listen the get-go time you lot realize your own powerlessness. It puts ultimate faith in raw feelings, the kind that consume you without logic or sense."[38]

Neutral Milk Hotel, "Ghost"

And she was born in a bottle rocket, 1929
With wings that ringed around a socket
Right betwixt her spine
All drenched in milk and holy water

Jeff Mangum wrote "Ghost" as a surreal depiction of Anne Frank'due south life.[forty]

Love is another prominent lyrical theme, although this concept takes on different forms.[41] PJ Sauerteig of PopMatters believes In the Aeroplane Over the Ocean 's central message is Mangum's longing desire to be loved by the people he idolizes, whether that be a beloved interest or with his fellow peers.[41] The lyrics will sometimes describe how Mangum wants to physically merge with the things he loves, which symbolizes a demand for interconnectedness with loved ones. Sauerteig cites the track "Two-Headed Boy" as an example of this concept. The track describes conjoined twins, although Sauerteig believes the conjoined twins are a metaphor for two people who unsuccessfully merged, and now experience like they are trapped in an interdependent relationship.[41]

Although at that place is fiddling concrete information every bit to the genesis of some of the lyrics, Mangum has stated a major influence was Anne Frank, a teenage girl who died in a Nazi concentration camp. Before recording On Avery Isle, Mangum read The Diary of a Immature Girl, a book of writings from Frank'southward diary that she kept while in hiding during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.[42] He was deeply affected by the book and spent "nearly three days crying", having dreams of traveling back in time and saving her.[42] Tracks such as "Holland, 1945" and "Ghost" incorporate elements of Anne Frank's life into the lyrics.[43] Every bit a result, some listeners have labeled In the Aeroplane Over the Sea as a concept album.[44] Still, Frank's importance to the lyrics is a field of study of fence. Some critics contend she is merely an inspiration for some of the tracks, equally opposed to an important character inside a narrative arc.[45] While writing about the Anne Frank connection, Anwen Crawford of The Monthly said: "It would be overly literal, though, to describe In the Aeroplane Over the Sea as an anthology about the Holocaust, for Frank is simply 1 of many phantasms to populate a set of looping, interlinked narratives that continue with the closed logic of a dream or a religious vision."[46]

Artwork [edit]

An old European postcard. This postcard features three people out at sea. Two people are swimming, while the third person sits atop a dock. This postcard was edited to make the album cover.

The original postcard Chris Bilheimer edited to create the album cover

The front end cover contains a drawing of two onetime-fashioned bathers out at body of water. One swims in the h2o while the other sits atop a dock. The latter wears a red apparel and has a drumhead[c] instead of a face.[48] The dorsum cover shows a drawing of marching band members wearing stilts, led past a short bandmaster.[48] Both illustrations were created past Chris Bilheimer, who at the time was designing artwork for the band R.E.K.[48] Mangum met Bilheimer while living in Athens, and asked him to create the artwork for Neutral Milk Hotel'southward upcoming anthology.[49] Mangum was interested in imagery associated with early 20th century penny arcades, and would often buy postcards from austerity shops that featured this manner. I postcard in detail featured three bathers at sea, which Bilheimer cropped and slightly altered to course the album cover.[49]

In addition to Bilheimer's drawings, New York multimedia artist Brian Dewan created the interior artwork found within physical copies of In the Aeroplane Over the Sea.[50] Dewan's best-known piece for the album is a black and white sketch of a flying Victrola over an industrial establish.[50] Dewan had previously been commissioned by Koster to make the artwork for the Music Tapes demos.[50] When Mangum asked Dewan for artwork, he was provided with two sketches: a magic radio, and a flying Victrola, the latter of which was chosen.[fifty] To give the disparate drawings a cohesive look, Bilheimer scanned every image onto a dirty piece of paper, which fabricated the drawings look the same historic period, with an consequence of slow disuse. Bilheimer so splashed dirt on the album encompass just above the female character'south outstretched arm.[49]

Release and tour [edit]

In the Aeroplane Over the Sea was released in the United States on February 10, 1998 by Merge Records, and in the United Kingdom in May 1998 past The Blue Rose Record Company.[51] Merge pressed v,500 CD and 1,600 vinyl copies, and expected sales to be similar to On Avery Isle.[52] These initial projections were correct, every bit the album sold moderately well for the get-go few months.[53] The song "Kingdom of the netherlands, 1945" was released every bit a 7" single.[2]

To promote the album, Neutral Milk Hotel embarked on a tour of Due north America and Europe.[54] Musicians John Fernandes and Will Westbrook were brought on as touring members, and were taught how to play the horn parts with Spillane.[55] For the tour, Mangum wanted the band to learn how to play the Charlie Haden rails "Song for Che", a hard improvisational jazz piece.[56] Although Mangum was expecting a lot out of the newly expanded band, many outsiders noted how caring and nurturing he was toward everyone involved. Filmmaker Lance Bangs said: "He wasn't any kind of a taskmaster—never turning and glaring at everyone—it was never like that. Conspicuously, at that place was a honey of his circle of friends that made it of import for him to build this community and bring them along with him."[57]

While on bout, Neutral Milk Hotel gained a reputation for chaotic and physically enervating concerts. Great Lakes member Ben Crum recalled: "It was definitely dangerous. There frequently seemed to be a very real chance that someone, probably Julian, would get injure. Jeff was always doing things like picking him upward and throwing him into the drums."[58] The audio technicians for most venues were dislocated and did non know what to expect. As a event, Laura Carter took on the unusual role of "mix-board translator". According to Carter: "It was more than like talking them through what was about to happen, because so much was happening onstage that without someone helping, it was a wail or squeal and the soundman would wait at 20 instruments onstage and non know what to dive for."[59]

Critical reception [edit]

Professional ratings
Contemporaneous reviews (in 1998)
Review scores
Source Rating
Entertainment Weekly B+[sixty]
NME 6/10[61]
Pitchfork viii.7/10[62]
Rolling Rock [63]
Spin 7/10[29]

Initial critical responses to In the Plane Over the Sea were generally enthusiastic, simply not laudatory.[64] In Spin, Erik Himmelsbach wrote that Neutral Milk Hotel's psychedelic folk-infused music had gear up them apart from the indie-pop sound of their Elephant half-dozen peers.[29] Rob Brunner of Amusement Weekly praised the unique instrumentation and "bouncy popular melodies", simply described some of the acoustic songs as "lifeless acoustic warblers".[60] Pitchfork 'south M. Christian McDermott also commended the music, which he called a blend of "Sgt. Pepper with early on 90s lo-fi" that he found "as tricky every bit it is frightening".[62] Ben Ratliff of Rolling Stone was more disquisitional of the music. He felt the rhythms and chord changes were boring, while the heavy layer of distortion masked the absence of decent melodies. Ratliff ultimately summarized his review by writing: "Airplane is thin-blooded, woolgathering stuff."[63]

The lyrics drew critical attending. Dele Fadele of NME described the lyrics as "evocative" and "compelling".[61] Both Himmelsbach and Ratliff noted the semireligious undertones.[65] Himmelsbach described the lyrics as "darkly comedic and wonderfully broad-eyed", and commended the stream of consciousness style of songwriting.[29] McDermott also discussed the dark lyrics, and wrote: "[Mangum] inherits a earth of cannibalism, elastic sexuality and freaks of nature. We tin but presume he likes it there."[62]

CMJ New Music Monthly ranked In the Plane Over the Sea as the number ane album of 1998,[66] and it placed 15th in the Village Voice 'south annual Pazz & Jop poll of American music critics.[67] Despite the album'due south mostly positive reception, it savage into critical neglect shortly after its release.[64] In a year-stop column accompanying the Pazz & Jop, Robert Christgau dismissed the album as "a funereal jape that gets my goat."[68] In a 2016 commodity, announcer Luke Winkie said the initial reception was "the standard response to a confusing 2nd anthology from a band without a preexisting pedigree: afar praise, hedged bets, avoiding the heart at all cost."[64]

Aftermath [edit]

Breakup and Mangum's reclusion [edit]

Later the anthology's release, Neutral Milk Hotel's heightened profile had a negative upshot on Mangum.[69] He grew tired of touring and having to constantly explain his lyrics, and his mental health began to deteriorate.[seventy] In a 2002 interview, Mangum said that "a lot of the basic assumptions I held nearly reality started crumbling". He would sometimes shut himself inside his home for days on terminate, and hoarded rice in preparation for the possible Y2K problem.[70] Mangum realized he would non be able to keep writing and performing his songs for a public audition, but could not bring himself to tell the ring. Some of them had quit their jobs to exist in Neutral Milk Hotel, and it seemed impossible to justify a breakup immediately subsequently their first genuine success. Instead, he avoided the topic of new music altogether and increasingly isolated himself.[71] The situation resulted in the unspoken, unannounced breakup of Neutral Milk Hotel soon after the tour.[72] The ring members remained friends, only moved on to other projects. Mangum occasionally worked on music over the next few years—he released a field recording of Bulgarian folk music, played every bit a touring member of Circulatory System, and briefly hosted a program for the freeform radio station WFMU—but remained out of the spotlight and released no new songs.[73]

Cult following [edit]

There was no public explanation for the band'southward sudden breakup. Some of the group's original fans became angry and accused Mangum of existence selfish, while others perpetuated hoaxes around Neutral Milk Hotel's breakup.[70] The large response helped the album gain a cult following, and converted Mangum into a larger-than-life effigy.[74] In 2003, Creative Loafing author Kevin Griffis dedicated an entire comprehend story to trying to runway down Mangum for personal closure. The search concluded when Mangum sent him an e-mail that read: "I'm not an thought. I am a person, who plainly wants to be left alone."[75] Journalist Mark Richardson attempted to explicate the album'south rising in popularity: "Considering [Mangum] was inaccessible, there was no outlet for connection other than the record itself and other fans who shared a passion. By doing nothing, Neutral Milk Hotel developed a cult."[38]

Some journalists have noted the release of In the Aeroplane Over the Bounding main coincided with the rise of the Cyberspace.[76] The album, and by extension Neutral Milk Hotel, became common fixtures on online message boards, and early on music websites similar Pitchfork gave the band an increased level of promotion.[77] Winkie wrote: "Would Airplane occupy the same untouchable identify in American indie-rock culture if it was released in 1992? Or 1987? It'southward hard to say. The internet has a i-of-a-kind human relationship with Neutral Milk Hotel."[64] Memes about In the Airplane Over the Sea proliferated on websites like 4chan, reflecting a wave of "hipster" listeners who showtime discovered the album online, long later the band had broken up.[78]

Disquisitional reevaluation and sales [edit]

Professional ratings
Retrospective reviews (after 1998)
Review scores
Source Rating
AllMusic [25]
Christgau'south Consumer Guide (neither) [79]
Encyclopedia of Pop Music [80]
Pitchfork 10/10[81]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide [82] [d]
Tiny Mix Tapes 5/5[83]

In the Airplane Over the Sea 's critical standing rose tremendously in the years after its release.[64] Marking Richardson of Pitchfork awarded the 2005 reissue a perfect 10/10 score.[81] Richardson said that although he initially found Mangum'south infatuation with Anne Frank embarrassing, he grew an appreciation for the lyrics, and called them the album'south defining feature. He highlighted the surrealistic imagery, and wrote: "It's a record of images, associations, and threads; no unmarried discussion describes it then well as the beautiful and overused kaleidoscope."[81] In the 2004 edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide, critic Roni Sarig described the album as "timeless transcendentalist pop steeped in a century of American music, from funeral marches to punk rock...Aeroplane is a fragile, creaky, dignified, and ballsy record".[32] AllMusic's Jason Ankeny wrote that: "Neutral Milk Hotel's 2d album is another quixotic sonic parade; lo-fi yet lush, impenetrable yet wholly accessible".[25] Ankeny did note yet the lyrics were too abstruse to derive significant from.[25] Marvin Lin of Tiny Mix Tapes felt it was difficult to concisely explain why the album is so neat, and ultimately summarized his review with the statement: "As beautiful every bit it is agonizing, In the Airplane Over the Sea is a stunning piece of art that draws you deeper with each listen. Most great art takes time to appreciate, and this album is no exception."[83]

Fifty-fifty amidst the generally positive critical reevaluation, the anthology was not without its detractors.[81] According to Richardson, listeners who dislike the album have frequently found its lyrics to be awkward, infantile, or disconcerting, and he said Mangum could come beyond as a "privileged dude sharing naive stoner wisdom".[38] Grantland author Steven Hyden said he had once been an gentleman of the album but felt his appreciation diminish over time, which he ascribed in function to the gradual loss of its original mystique.[84] But as the album itself became a meme, the tendency to lavish information technology with hyperbolic praise also became an online in-joke, exemplified past a headline from the satirical website ClickHole: "Disgusting: ISIS Simply Released a 2-Star Review of In the Airplane Over the Body of water".[78]

Despite modest sales projections and never charting on the Billboard 200, In the Aeroplane Over the Sea has sold over 393,000 copies, with reported sales of 25,000 copies a year.[85] In the Aeroplane Over the Sea was the 6th best-selling vinyl tape of 2008, and its sales helped contribute to a revitalization of vinyl in the belatedly 2000s.[86] The 33⅓ book about In the Aeroplane Over the Ocean past author Kim Cooper similarly shares large sales numbers, as it is the second all-time-selling book in the series.[87]

Several websites and magazines have ranked In the Aeroplane Over the Sea as one of the greatest indie rock albums of all fourth dimension, including Amazon.com, Blender, and Entertainment Weekly.[88] Some outlets have also ranked it as 1 of the best albums of the 1990s. Pitchfork initially ranked it at number eighty-five on its list of the best albums of the 1990s, only moved the anthology all the way to number four in its 2003 revised list.[64] Paste similarly ranked it highly, placing it at number two, only behind Radiohead's OK Computer.[89] Other websites that placed In the Aeroplane Over the Sea in their list of the best albums of the 1990s include Cleveland.com (number twenty)[90] and Slant Magazine (number forty-3).[91] Q and Spin placed In the Plane Over the Sea on their lists of the best albums of the terminal twenty-five and thirty years respectively,[92] while Rolling Stone and NME ranked information technology at 376 and 98 on their lists of the 500 greatest albums of all time respectively.[93]

Influence [edit]

In the Airplane Over the Body of water has been highly influential.[94] Co-ordinate to Pitchfork contributor Mike McGonigal, In the Airplane Over the Sea 'due south disparate genres laid the groundwork for a musical template followed by bands such equally Vivid Eyes and Six Organs of Comprisal. Mangum's vocals influenced singers such as Colin Meloy of the Decemberists and Zach Condon of Beirut.[95] Arcade Fire frontman Win Butler said In the Plane Over the Bounding main was a contributing factor to their signing with Merge Records.[96] On the album's tenth anniversary, Pitchfork published an article in which indie musicians such as Dan Snaith, Tim Kasher, and swain Elephant six member Kevin Barnes discussed its importance.[95] Snaith said:

It'due south an album people want to keep for themselves—sharing it with only those closest to them. The fashion information technology has become a quintessential cult anthology—widely loved every bit well as widely unknown—makes information technology easy to believe there's something special between you and information technology—that it's yours alone no affair how many people love information technology.[95]

Runway listing [edit]

All tracks are written past Jeff Mangum, except where noted; horn arrangements by Robert Schneider and Scott Spillane.[1]

No. Title Length
1. "The King of Carrot Flowers, Pt. One" 2:00
ii. "The King of Carrot Flowers, Pts. Two & Iii" (Jeremy Barnes, Julian Koster, Mangum, Spillane) 3:06
3. "In the Airplane Over the Bounding main" 3:22
iv. "Two-Headed Boy" 4:26
5. "The Fool" (Spillane) 1:53
6. "Holland, 1945" 3:15
vii. "Communist Daughter" 1:57
8. "Oh Comely" eight:18
9. "Ghost" 4:08
10. Untitled ii:16
11. "2-Headed Boy, Pt. Two" 5:13
Full length: 39:55

Personnel [edit]

Credits adapted from the liner notes of In the Aeroplane Over the Sea.[ane]

Certifications [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ a b Listed in the liner notes as Elephant six Recording Company[i]
  2. ^ In the liner notes for In the Airplane Over the Sea, zanzithophone is the proper noun attributed to an instrument chosen a Casio digital horn.[28]
  3. ^ The drumhead over the woman's face on the cover is somewhat visually ambiguous and has been commonly perceived as a potato.[47]
  4. ^ The 2004 edition of The Rolling Stone Album Guide awarded In the Airplane Over the Body of water iv stars out of five.[82] When the contents of the book were ported to Rolling Stone 's website, the rating was changed to four and a half stars out of five, although the review remained the same.[32]

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Anon. 1998a.
  2. ^ a b Anon. 1998c.
  3. ^ Clair 2022, Affiliate 3.
  4. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. eight–9.
  5. ^ Ballance, Cook & McCaughan 2009, p. 96.
  6. ^ McMullen 1996.
  7. ^ Ballance, Melt & McCaughan 2009, p. 97.
  8. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 26.
  9. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. 28–31.
  10. ^ Ballance, Melt & McCaughan 2009, p. 99.
  11. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 52.
  12. ^ Anon. 1998a; Cooper 2005, p. 53
  13. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 53.
  14. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 62.
  15. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. 54–55.
  16. ^ a b Cooper 2005, p. 56.
  17. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. 56–57.
  18. ^ a b Cooper 2005, p. 57.
  19. ^ a b Cooper 2005, p. 58.
  20. ^ a b c Cooper 2005, p. 64.
  21. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 65.
  22. ^ LeMay 2003.
  23. ^ Critics who draw the anthology as indie stone include:
    • Brunner 1998
    • DeVille 2018
    Critics who have described In the Airplane Over the Sea equally psychedelic folk include:
    • Jayasuriya 2015
    • Valys 2015
    Critics who have noted In the Aeroplane Over the Ocean 's lo-fi audio include:
    • Ankeny due north.d.
    • McDermott northward.d.
  24. ^ McGonigal 1998; McGonigal 2008.
  25. ^ a b c d e Ankeny n.d.
  26. ^ Cooper 2005, p. ii.
  27. ^ Betimes. 1998a; Share 1998
  28. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 66.
  29. ^ a b c d Himmelsbach 1998, pp. 134–135.
  30. ^ McGonigal 1998; Cooper 2005, p. 58
  31. ^ Share 1998.
  32. ^ a b c Sarig n.d.
  33. ^ a b DeVille 2018.
  34. ^ DeRogatis 2003, p. 542; Hellweg 1998.
  35. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 69.
  36. ^ a b Clair 2022, Chapter 1.
  37. ^ McGillis 2011; Richardson 2018.
  38. ^ a b c d due east Richardson 2018.
  39. ^ Mervis 2013; Anon. 2020.
  40. ^ McGonigal 1998; DeVille 2018.
  41. ^ a b c Sauerteig 2015.
  42. ^ a b McGonigal 1998.
  43. ^ Schonfeld 2018.
  44. ^ Clark 2008; Thill 2010; Crawford 2018.
  45. ^ Crawford 2018; Kramer 2017.
  46. ^ Crawford 2018.
  47. ^ Kreps 2012; Winkie 2016a.
  48. ^ a b c Cooper 2005, p. 79.
  49. ^ a b c Cooper 2005, p. 80.
  50. ^ a b c d Cooper 2005, pp. 79–80.
  51. ^ Betimes. 1998b; DeVille 2018.
  52. ^ Ballance, Cook & McCaughan 2009, p. 100; McGoven 2013.
  53. ^ Ballance, Melt & McCaughan 2009, p. 100.
  54. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. 85–87.
  55. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 85.
  56. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. 85–86.
  57. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 86.
  58. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 84.
  59. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 88.
  60. ^ a b Brunner 1998.
  61. ^ a b Fadele 1998.
  62. ^ a b c McDermott n.d.
  63. ^ a b Ratliff 1998.
  64. ^ a b c d eastward f Winkie 2016b.
  65. ^ Himmelsbach 1998, pp. 134–135; Ratliff 1998.
  66. ^ Anon. 1999a, p. 3.
  67. ^ Betimes. 1999b.
  68. ^ Christgau 1999.
  69. ^ Cooper 2005, pp. 97–98.
  70. ^ a b c Clark 2008.
  71. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 98.
  72. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 99.
  73. ^ Cooper 2005, p. 100.
  74. ^ Brady 2011; Winkie 2016b.
  75. ^ Ballance, Melt & McCaughan 2009, p. 104.
  76. ^ Winkie 2016b; Milton 2016.
  77. ^ Jayasuriya 2015; Milton 2016
  78. ^ a b Winkie 2016a.
  79. ^ Christgau 2000.
  80. ^ Larkin 2009.
  81. ^ a b c d Richardson 2005.
  82. ^ a b Sarig 2004, p. 579.
  83. ^ a b Lin 2006.
  84. ^ Hyden 2014.
  85. ^ Clark 2008; Maas 2013.
  86. ^ Kreps 2009.
  87. ^ Clair 2022, Chapter 23.
  88. ^ Anon. 2009; Anon. 2007; Anon. 2008.
  89. ^ Jackson 2012.
  90. ^ Smith 2017.
  91. ^ Betimes. 2011.
  92. ^ Anon. 2005; Crawford 2018.
  93. ^ Barker 2013; Anon. 2020.
  94. ^ McGonigal 2008; Hyden 2014; DeVille 2018.
  95. ^ a b c McGonigal 2008.
  96. ^ Schreiber 2005, p. three.
  97. ^ Anon. n.d.

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External links [edit]

  • In the Aeroplane Over the Body of water at the Internet Archive, with options to stream the album from licensed platforms
  • In the Plane Over the Sea at Discogs (list of releases)
  • In the Aeroplane Over the Sea at MusicBrainz (list of releases)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Aeroplane_Over_the_Sea

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